American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products
2024, Vol. 12 Issue 1, Part A
Comparative evaluation of antiplasmodial and cytotoxic Activities of Anonidium mannii (Oliv) Engl. et Diels leaves, trunk and roots
AUTHOR(S): Jean Emmanuel Mbosso Teinkela, Simone Véronique Fannang, Caroline Ngo Nyobe, Stéphanie Nnanga Ngbwa, Gisèle Marie Marguerite Etame Loe and William Dakam
ABSTRACT:
Anonidium mannii (Oliv) Engl. and Diels is an Annonaceae used in traditional medicine in many countries including Cameroon, in the treatment of cancer, malaria and rheumatism. Our study aims to evaluate and compare the antiplasmodial activity and study the cytotoxic of its methanolic extracts of the leaves, trunk (wood and bark) and roots (wood and bark).
The evaluation of antimalarial activity consisted of determining the percentage viability of 3D7 P. falciparum cells in the presence of our extracts by measuring the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (produced by the parasite) which is quantified by reading the absorbance at 620 nm indicating the number of parasites in the well and then determining the IC50 of our significantly active extracts. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated on the HeLa cells of the Tsd strain by quantifying the cells surviving exposure to our extracts by reading the fluorescence of quantified resorufin in a microplate reader.
Antimalarial activity showed that at a concentration of 50 µg/mL, the majority of the tested extracts gave significant antimalarial activity (percentage viability below 30%) against P. falciparum strain 3D7. Root wood showed the best activity (% viability = 1.7%; IC50 = 33.38 µg/mL). At up to 50 µg/ml, all the extracts showed a high rate of survival among the HeLa cells. No effect was observed with the leaf extract showing no activity (100% of survival).
These results justify the use of stem bark and leaves in the traditional pharmacopoeia for the treatment of malaria. However, since the roots wood presented the best activity, it would be more beneficial to suggest them to the local populations against this pathology after additional studies. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts on HeLa cells of the Tsda strain revealed that the methanolic extracts of leaves, stem bark, trunk wood, root bark and root wood possess low activity and could therefore be promising for the development of antimalarial molecules. This is first report on comparative antiplasmodial effect and cytotoxic study of the different parts of A. mannii.
